{"id":1452,"date":"2025-12-22T12:51:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T12:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/?p=1452"},"modified":"2025-12-22T12:51:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-22T12:51:07","slug":"shanti-bill-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/shanti-bill-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The Parliament of India passed the <strong>Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025<\/strong>. This step is a major legislative step to reform its nuclear energy framework. The <strong>Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025<\/strong> was introduced in the Lok Sabha on <strong>15 December 2025<\/strong>. The Bill proposes a new legal framework for India\u2019s Nuclear Energy Sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Importantly, the Bill <strong>repeals the<\/strong> <strong>Atomic Energy Act, 1962 <\/strong>and<strong> <\/strong>the <strong>Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 <\/strong>and replaces them with a single, comprehensive law aligned with India\u2019s present and future energy requirements. Through this reform, India aims to modernise nuclear governance, attract investment, and align with global nuclear energy norms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"727\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-35.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-35.jpeg 727w, https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-35-300x274.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Are the Major Objectives of the SHANTI Bill, 2025:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>SHANTI Bill, 2025<\/strong> aims to achieve several key objectives in India\u2019s nuclear energy landscape:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Promote safe and sustainable nuclear energy<\/strong>, ensuring that nuclear power plays a critical role in the country\u2019s long-term energy strategy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduce regulatory uncertainty<\/strong>, creating a stable and predictable environment for nuclear energy investments and operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Address investor and supplier concerns<\/strong>, fostering confidence in the nuclear sector and attracting global partnerships.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strengthen institutional accountability<\/strong>, ensuring that nuclear activities are governed by transparent, responsible, and effective oversight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support India\u2019s clean energy transition<\/strong>, contributing to the nation\u2019s goals of reducing carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy sources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enhance nuclear installed capacity<\/strong> to meet the growing demand for clean energy, bolstering the country\u2019s energy security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ensure round-the-clock power supply<\/strong> for emerging needs, such as <strong>data centres<\/strong> and other <strong>future-ready applications<\/strong>. It will support India\u2019s digital and technological evolution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Are the Main Provisions of SHANTI Bill, 2025?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The major provisions of the SHANTI Bill, 2025 are as follows &#8211;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Replacement of Existing Nuclear Laws \u2013 Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010<\/strong>.<strong> <\/strong>The Bill consolidates two major laws into a single framework.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Atomic Energy Act, 1962 <\/strong>governed development and use of atomic energy.<strong> <\/strong>It also<strong> <\/strong>restricted nuclear activities mainly to government entities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010 <\/strong>defined liability and compensation in case of nuclear incidents. It placed strict no-fault liability on operators.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The new Bill integrates and reforms both statutes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Licensing of Non-Government Entities:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One of the most significant reforms relates to licensing. Under the <strong>earlier framework<\/strong>, licences were granted <strong>only to central government entities or government companies<\/strong>. Private sector participation was largely restricted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>As per the New Provisions Under the SHANTI Bill, 2025, <\/strong>the central government may now grant licences to Indian private companies, joint ventures between government entities and private companies,<strong> <\/strong>any other person expressly permitted by the government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Permitted Activities under the SHANTI Bill, 2025:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The permitted activities are building, owning, or operating nuclear plants or reactors, fabrication, transport, trade, and storage of nuclear fuel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, any activity involving radiation exposure requires safety authorisation from AERB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Liability for Nuclear Damage:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>No-Fault Liability Principle:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Operators remain liable for nuclear damage <strong>regardless of negligence.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operators must maintain <strong>insurance coverage.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The central government bears liability beyond the specified cap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Revised Liability Limits: <\/strong>Instead of a single cap, the Bill introduces a <strong>tiered structure<\/strong>:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Liability ranges from <strong>\u20b9100 crore to \u20b93,000 crore.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The amount depends on the <strong>power capacity of the nuclear installation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Operator\u2019s Right of Recourse:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>As per the earlier provisions (2010 Act), <\/strong>operators could recover compensation if a contract allowed it, the incident arose from <strong>defective equipment or material, <\/strong>the incident resulted from a <strong>deliberate act.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In this regard, the SHANTI Bill, 2025 introduced the Change. <\/strong>The Bill <strong>removes the right of recourse for defective equipment or material. <\/strong>This reform aims to address long-standing concerns of global suppliers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Territorial Jurisdiction for Claims:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Earlier Scope: <\/strong>Compensation applied only to damage within <strong>India\u2019s territory or jurisdiction.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Expanded Coverage: <\/strong>The Bill allows claims for <strong>nuclear damage in foreign territories. <\/strong>This applies when damage originates from incidents in India. Such coverage remains subject to prescribed conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statutory Status to Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the first time, the Bill grants <strong>statutory recognition<\/strong> to AERB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Atomic Energy Redressal Advisory Council (AERAC):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Bill strengthens grievance redressal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Purpose: <\/strong>Hear appeals against decisions of the central government or AERB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Is the SHANTI Bill, 2025 Significant?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nuclear energy plays a critical role in India\u2019s long-term energy security. However, outdated laws and investor concerns limited growth. Therefore, the Bill seeks to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is linked to India\u2019s long-term energy and climate goals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It outlines the country\u2019s roadmap for <strong>decarbonisation by 2070<\/strong> and a target of achieving <strong>100 gigawatts of nuclear power capacity by 2047<\/strong>. For these, the bill emphasises the need to <strong>harness indigenous nuclear resources<\/strong> and <strong>active participation<\/strong> of both<strong> public<\/strong> and <strong>private sectors<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to position<strong> India<\/strong> as a <strong>contributor to the global nuclear energy ecosystem<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The bill lays down provisions for<strong> licensing<\/strong> and <strong>safety authorisation<\/strong> for specified persons involved in the production or use of nuclear energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to bring under regulation the <strong>use of nuclear<\/strong> and <strong>radiation technologies in areas<\/strong> such as <strong>healthcare<\/strong>, <strong>food<\/strong> and <strong>agriculture<\/strong>, <strong>industry <\/strong>and <strong>research<\/strong> while exempting research, development and innovation activities from licensing requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The bill also proposes a <strong>revised <\/strong>and <strong>pragmatic<\/strong> <strong>civil liability framework for nuclear damage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It confers <strong>statutory status<\/strong> on the <strong>Atomic Energy Regulatory Board <\/strong>and strengthens mechanisms related to safety, security, safeguards, quality assurance and emergency preparedness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It provides for the creation of <strong>Atomic Energy Redressal Advisory Council<\/strong>, designation of <strong>Claims Commissioners<\/strong> and a <strong>Nuclear Damage Claims Commission <\/strong>for cases involving severe nuclear damage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB):<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the first time, the Bill grants <strong>statutory recognition<\/strong> to AERB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Role of AERB:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ensure safe use of radiation and nuclear energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regulate nuclear installations and radiation practices<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Composition:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chairperson<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One whole-time member<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Up to seven part-time members<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All members must be <strong>persons of eminence in nuclear science or energy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appointment &amp; Tenure:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appointments made by the central government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Based on recommendations of a <strong>search-cum-selection committee.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Initial tenure: <strong>3 years<\/strong>, extendable up to <strong>6 years<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atomic Energy Redressal Advisory Council:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The SHANTI Bill, 2025 includes provisions for strengthening grievance redressal mechanisms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This council will act as a <strong>grievance redressal mechanism<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its purposes are to<strong> <\/strong>hear appeals against decisions of the central government or AERB.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Composition:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chairperson, Atomic Energy Commission (Chair)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chairperson, AERB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appeal Mechanism:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Appeals against Council decisions lie before the <strong>Appellate Tribunal for Electricity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Through this Bill, the government clearly signals its commitment to modernising India\u2019s nuclear governance framework. The legislation aligns nuclear policy with the country\u2019s energy transition goals, technological advancement, and international commitments. At the same time, it carefully balances the expansion of nuclear power with robust safety norms, clear accountability mechanisms, and public interest considerations. By doing so, the Bill positions nuclear energy as a strategic pillar of India\u2019s pursuit of energy security and a cleaner, lower-carbon future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Bill, 2025 marks a paradigm shift in India\u2019s nuclear governance. The bill aims at modernising laws, easing investor concerns, and strengthening safety oversight. The Bill positions nuclear energy as a key pillar of India\u2019s sustainable growth strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/prsindia.org\/billtrack\/the-sustainable-harnessing-and-advancementof-nuclear-energy-for-transforming-india-bill-2025\">https:\/\/prsindia.org\/billtrack\/the-sustainable-harnessing-and-advancementof-nuclear-energy-for-transforming-india-bill-2025<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2204236&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2204236&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/govt-introduces-n-power-bill-in-parliament-permits-private-participation-limits-supplier-liability-10422128\/\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/govt-introduces-n-power-bill-in-parliament-permits-private-participation-limits-supplier-liability-10422128\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1766407684822\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u00a0What is the SHANTI Bill, 2025?<\/strong><br\/><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The <strong>SHANTI Bill, 2025<\/strong> is a new legislation passed by the Parliament to replace the <strong>Atomic Energy Act, 1962<\/strong> and the <strong>Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010<\/strong>. It aims to modernise nuclear governance in India, attract investment, and align with global nuclear norms.<br\/><br\/><br\/><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1766407716534\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What are the major objectives of the SHANTI Bill, 2025?<\/strong><br\/><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The SHANTI Bill, 2025 seeks to:<br\/>&#8211; Promote <strong>safe and sustainable nuclear energy<\/strong><br\/>&#8211; <strong>Reduce regulatory uncertainty<\/strong><br\/>&#8211; <strong>Support India\u2019s clean energy transition<\/strong><br\/>&#8211; Strengthen <strong>institutional accountability<\/strong><br\/>&#8211; Ensure <strong>round-the-clock power supply<\/strong> for emerging needs like data centres<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1766407756628\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>How does the SHANTI Bill, 2025 impact nuclear liability?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The SHANTI Bill, 2025 introduces a <strong>tiered liability structure<\/strong> for nuclear damage, ranging from <strong>\u20b9100 crore to \u20b93,000 crore<\/strong> based on power capacity, and retains the <strong>no-fault liability principle<\/strong>, ensuring compensation for nuclear incidents.<br\/><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1766407807095\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What role does the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) play in the SHANTI Bill?<\/strong><br\/><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The Bill grants <strong>statutory recognition<\/strong> to the <strong>AERB<\/strong>, empowering it to <strong>regulate nuclear installations<\/strong>, ensure <strong>safe use of radiation<\/strong>, and oversee the safety and security of nuclear energy operations across India.<br\/><\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1766407830982\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>How does the SHANTI Bill, 2025 contribute to India\u2019s clean energy goals?<\/strong><br\/><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\">The SHANTI Bill aligns with India\u2019s energy transition goals, aiming for <strong>100 gigawatts of nuclear power capacity by 2047<\/strong>, and positions nuclear energy as a critical pillar in achieving <strong>energy security<\/strong> and a <strong>lower-carbon future<\/strong>.<br\/><\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Parliament of India passed the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Bill, 2025. This step is a major legislative<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1452","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>SHANTI Bill, 2025: Nuclear Energy Reform in India<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SHANTI Bill, 2025 focuses on sustainable harnessing of nuclear energy to transform India\u2019s power sector and energy security.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/shanti-bill-2025\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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