{"id":2490,"date":"2026-04-28T10:56:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/?p=2490"},"modified":"2026-04-28T10:56:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T10:56:04","slug":"mountain-passes-in-india-complete-state-wise-list-map","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/mountain-passes-in-india-complete-state-wise-list-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Mountain Passes in India: Complete State-Wise List, Map"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Mountain passes in India are natural gaps or routes through mountain ranges. They connect regions, support trade, enable defence, and allow pilgrimage. India has over 25 important passes located in Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, and other states. Key passes include Khardung La, Nathu La, Zoji La, Rohtang Pass, and Shipki La.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India sits in a geographically unique position. The mighty Himalayas, Karakoram, and other ranges guard its northern and eastern borders. These ranges are difficult to cross. However, nature creates gaps in these mountains. We call them mountain passes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A mountain pass is a natural route through or over a mountain range. It is lower in elevation than the surrounding peaks. Moreover, passes often lie near river sources. They act as drainage divides between river basins. In India, mountain passes in India are critical for trade, defence, tourism, and border management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"Mountain Passes in India: Complete State-Wise List, Map\" class=\"wp-image-2491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/image-35.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Is a Mountain Pass? Definition and Formation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A mountain pass is a navigable gap or low point in a mountain range. It forms due to various natural processes such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Geological faulting and folding of the earth&#8217;s surface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Glacial erosion over thousands of years<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>River erosion that cuts through ridges<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weathering and denudation of rocks<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result, passes are often found just above the source of a river. They also act as a water divide between two drainage basins. For example, Bara Lacha La acts as a divide between the Bhaga River and the Yunam River.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, at lower elevations, a mountain pass is sometimes called a hill pass. However, the function remains the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/upscquiz.spmiasacademy.com\/quizzes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UPSC MCQs<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Importance of Mountain Passes in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mountain passes in India serve multiple purposes. Let us understand each one clearly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Strategic and Defence Importance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s borders with China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar run along mountainous terrain. Passes like Nathu La, Khardung La, and Lanak La are vital for military movement. The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) maintains these routes. They help in quick troop deployment during conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Trade and Economic Importance<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Historically, mountain passes served as trade corridors. The Silk Route passed through Karakoram Pass. Today, passes like Nathu La and Shipki La are official India-China trade points. They connect markets and boost border economies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Tourism and Pilgrimage<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several passes attract tourists and pilgrims. Rohtang Pass is one of the most visited passes in India. Lipu Lekh serves pilgrims travelling to Kailash Mansarovar. Zoji La connects the scenic Kashmir Valley to Ladakh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Connectivity and All-Weather Access<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Many remote Himalayan communities depend on passes for supplies. However, passes close in winter. Therefore, the government builds tunnels below passes. For example, the Atal Tunnel lies below Rohtang Pass. It provides all-weather connectivity to Lahaul and Spiti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Explore expert guidance with <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">upsc coaching in guwahati<\/a><\/strong> for comprehensive UPSC preparation and strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in India: Key Overview Table<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The table below summarises important mountain passes in India for quick revision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Pass Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location \/ Range<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Connects<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Significance<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Khardung La<\/td><td>Ladakh Range, Ladakh<\/td><td>Leh to Nubra Valley<\/td><td>Gateway to Siachen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zoji La<\/td><td>Zaskar Range, Ladakh<\/td><td>Srinagar to Leh (NH-1)<\/td><td>Key pass on Srinagar-Leh Highway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nathu La<\/td><td>Himalayas, East Sikkim<\/td><td>Sikkim (India) to Tibet (China)<\/td><td>India-China trade point; historic Silk Route<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rohtang Pass<\/td><td>Pir Panjal Range, HP<\/td><td>Kullu to Lahaul-Spiti<\/td><td>Popular tourist pass; Atal Tunnel lies below it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shipki La<\/td><td>HP-China Border<\/td><td>Kinnaur (HP) to Tibet<\/td><td>India-China border trade point; Sutlej enters India here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lipu Lekh<\/td><td>Greater Himalayas, Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Pithoragarh to Tibet<\/td><td>Kailash Mansarovar pilgrimage; trade with China<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bara Lacha La<\/td><td>Zaskar Range, HP<\/td><td>Lahaul (HP) to Leh (Ladakh)<\/td><td>On Leh-Manali Highway (NH-3); source of Chenab<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Banihal Pass<\/td><td>Pir Panjal Range, J&amp;K<\/td><td>Jammu to Srinagar<\/td><td>Jawahar Tunnel provides all-weather access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chang La<\/td><td>Ladakh Range<\/td><td>Leh to Pangong Lake<\/td><td>World&#8217;s highest terrestrial research station (DRDO)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram Pass<\/td><td>Karakoram Range<\/td><td>Ladakh to Xinjiang, China<\/td><td>Ancient Silk Route; no active trade today<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jelep La<\/td><td>Himalayas, East Sikkim<\/td><td>Sikkim to Tibet<\/td><td>Historical trade route; Lhasa to India connection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bomdi La<\/td><td>Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Arunachal to Tibet<\/td><td>1962 war significance; key defence route<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sela Pass<\/td><td>Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Tawang to Dirang<\/td><td>All-weather access via Sela Tunnel (opened 2024)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Umling La<\/td><td>Ladakh Range<\/td><td>Near Demchok, Ladakh<\/td><td>World&#8217;s highest motorable road at 5,799 m<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mana Pass<\/td><td>Greater Himalayas, Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Uttarakhand to Tibet<\/td><td>Last India-China border point in Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>UT and State wise List of Important Mountain Passes in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Ladakh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ladakh has the highest concentration of important passes in India. These passes hold great strategic value due to proximity to China and Pakistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mig La Pass (19,400 ft): <\/strong>It is currently considered the highest motorable pass in India and the world. <strong>Mig La<\/strong> is in <strong>Eastern Ladakh<\/strong>. Notably, the <strong>Border Roads Organization (BRO)<\/strong> constructed the pass under <strong>Project Himank<\/strong>. Moreover, it provides important strategic connectivity near the LAC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khardung La:<\/strong> Once known as the highest motorable pass, Khardung La connects <strong>Leh<\/strong> to <strong>Nubra Valley<\/strong> and <strong>Siachen Glacier<\/strong>. It lies on the Ladakh Range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zoji La:<\/strong> This pass is located on the <strong>Zaskar Range<\/strong>. It connects <strong>Srinagar<\/strong> to <strong>Leh<\/strong> via <strong>NH-1<\/strong>. Importantly, this pass gets closed in winter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chang La:<\/strong> Connects <strong>Leh<\/strong> to <strong>Pangong Lake<\/strong>. DRDO has its world&#8217;s highest terrestrial research station here.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Umling La:<\/strong> It is the second highest motorable pass. It is traversed by Chisumle-Demchok Road.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Karakoram Pass:<\/strong> This pass lies on the ancient Silk Route. It connects Ladakh to Xinjiang, China. It is located in the Karakoram Range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aghil Pass:<\/strong> It is situated in the north of <strong>K2 peak<\/strong> in Karakoram Range. Moreover, it connects Ladakh to Xinjiang province.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lanak La:<\/strong> Located in Aksai Chin, this pass connects Ladakh to Tibet Autonomous Region. It has a significant role in the India and China border dispute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pensi La:<\/strong> This pass is the gateway to Zanskar Valley. Moreover, it connects Suru Valley to Zanskar Valley.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fotu La:<\/strong> This pass is the highest point on the Srinagar-Leh Highway on the Zaskar Range.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Jammu and Kashmir<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Banihal Pass:<\/strong> This pass lies on the Pir Panjal Range. It connects Jammu to Srinagar. Jawahar Tunnel provides all-year road access. Notably, Banihal means &#8216;blizzard&#8217; in Kashmiri.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pir Panjal Pass (Peer Ki Gali):<\/strong> The Pir Panjal Pass connects Srinagar to Rajouri and Poonch via the Mughal Road. Moreover, this pass was mentioned in Kalhana&#8217;s Rajatarangini.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Burzil Pass:<\/strong> It connects Astore Valley of Kashmir to Deosai Plains of Ladakh. Astore River originates near this pass.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Himachal Pradesh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rohtang Pass:<\/strong> Located on the eastern Pir Panjal Range, this pass connects Kullu Valley to Lahaul and Spiti. Moreover, Atal Tunnel (9.02 km) lies below it. It is the world&#8217;s longest highway tunnel above 10,000 feet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bara Lacha La:<\/strong> Located on the Zaskar Range, it connects Lahaul (HP) to Leh (Ladakh) via NH-3. Moreover, Chandra and Bhaga rivers, headwaters of Chenab, originate near it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Shipki La:<\/strong> It is on the India-China border. Sutlej River enters India near this pass. Additionally, it is an active India-China border trade point.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Uttarakhand<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lipu Lekh Pass:<\/strong> This pass connects Pithoragarh to Tibet. It lies at the trijunction of India, China, and Nepal. Kailash Mansarovar pilgrims use this route.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mana Pass:<\/strong> It is near Badrinath. It is the last pass before the India-China border in Uttarakhand and connects to Tibet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Niti Pass:<\/strong> It is at 5,800 m elevation. It connects Uttarakhand to Tibet and was used by traders and pilgrims historically.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Sikkim<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nathu La:<\/strong> It is in the Himalayas in East Sikkim. It connects Sikkim to Tibet Autonomous Region. Moreover, it lies on the historic Silk Route. Later on, it was reopened for India-China trade in 2006.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jelep La:<\/strong> This pass connects East Sikkim to Tibet. It is a historic route linking Lhasa to India. It is situated at an altitude of 4,267 m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Arunachal Pradesh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bomdi La:<\/strong> Bomdi La pass played a key role in the 1962 India-China War. Important for defence logistics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sela Pass:<\/strong> It connects Tawang to Dirang at 4,170 m. Sela Tunnel was inaugurated in 2024 by PM Modi. It provides all-weather connectivity to Tawang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diphu Pass (Patkai Range):<\/strong> It lies at the trijunction of India, China, and Myanmar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pangsau Pass:<\/strong> Connects Arunachal Pradesh to Myanmar. Also called the Hell Pass.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes in Other States<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Palghat Gap (Kerala-Tamil Nadu):<\/strong> A natural low gap in the Western Ghats. It connects the Malabar coast to Tamil Nadu. Moreover, it is important for railways and roads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thal Ghat and Bhor Ghat (Maharashtra):<\/strong> Key passes in the Western Ghats connecting the Deccan Plateau to the Konkan coast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Highest Mountain Pass in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The <strong>highest mountain pass in India<\/strong> is <strong>Mig La Pass<\/strong>, located in eastern Ladakh. It stands at about <strong>19,400 feet<\/strong> above sea level.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moreover, this high-altitude pass plays an important role in <strong>strategic connectivity near the Line of Actual Control (LAC)<\/strong>. It helps in the movement of troops and supplies in difficult terrain.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therefore, Mig La Pass is very important for <strong>India\u2019s defence and border management<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mountain Passes and Associated Rivers: UPSC Focus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many passes are closely linked to major rivers. This is a common question area in UPSC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Mountain Pass<\/td><td>Associated River<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shipki La<\/td><td>Sutlej River enters India here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bara Lacha La<\/td><td>Origin of Chandra and Bhaga (headwaters of Chenab)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Burzil Pass<\/td><td>Astore River (tributary of Indus) originates here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pensi La<\/td><td>Suru River (tributary of Indus) flows west of it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zoji La<\/td><td>Lies on the Srinagar-Leh Highway near Indus basin<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Recent Developments Related to Mountain Passes in India (Current Affairs)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent news around mountain passes is important for UPSC Current Affairs. Here are key updates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sela Tunnel (Arunachal Pradesh):<\/strong> Inaugurated in March 2024. Provides all-weather connectivity to Tawang. Length is 13.14 km. BRO built this strategic tunnel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zoji La Tunnel:<\/strong> Under construction by NHIDCL. Once complete, it will provide all-weather access to Ladakh. Expected completion has been revised to 2030 due to terrain challenges.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Umling La Road:<\/strong> Chisumle-Demchok Road by BRO became the world&#8217;s highest motorable road at 5,799 m. Built in 2021.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nathu La Trade:<\/strong> India-China border trade through Nathu La continues to be monitored amid diplomatic developments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stay updated on exam topics via <a href=\"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>currentaffairs<\/strong><\/a> for reliable UPSC current affairs coverage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, mountain passes in India are very important for the country. They help in trade, defence, tourism, and connectivity. Moreover, these passes connect remote regions and support daily life in mountain areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, important passes like Nathu La, Khardung La, Zoji La, and Rohtang Pass play a key role in border security and transport. Therefore, they are very important for national development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, new projects like tunnels and roads improve access through these passes. As a result, people get better facilities and faster travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, understanding mountain passes in India, their location, and importance is very useful for exams and general knowledge. Hence, these passes remain a key part of India\u2019s geography and strategy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.treebo.com\/blog\/mountain-passes-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treebo.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1777372952684\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>What are mountain passes in India?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br>Mountain passes in India are natural routes through mountain ranges. Moreover, they help people travel, trade, and connect different regions.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1777372963340\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Which is the highest motorable pass in India?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br>Currently, Mig La Pass is currently considered the highest motorable pass in India. Furthermore, it provides important connectivity near the LAC.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1777372974476\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Why are mountain passes important in India?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br>Mountain passes are important because they support defence, trade, tourism, and connectivity. Therefore, they play a key role in national development.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1777372985084\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>Which are the most important mountain passes in India for exams?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br>Important mountain passes in India include Khardung La, Nathu La, Zoji La, Rohtang Pass, and Shipki La. Moreover, these are frequently asked in UPSC exams.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1777372999796\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>How do mountain passes help in border security?<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><br>Mountain passes help in border security by allowing quick movement of troops and supplies. As a result, they are very important for defence operations.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mountain passes in India are natural gaps or routes through mountain ranges. They connect regions, support trade, enable defence, and allow pilgrimage. India has over<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":2492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[312,309,310,308,313,311,27],"class_list":["post-2490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-highest-pass-in-india","tag-indian-mountain-passes-list","tag-khardung-la-pass","tag-mountain-passes-in-india","tag-mountain-passes-map-india","tag-state-wise-mountain-passes-india","tag-upsc-geography-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mountain Passes in India: State-wise List &amp; Map<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore mountain passes in India with a complete state-wise list, map, key facts, and importance for UPSC, defence, and geography exams.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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As a result, they are very important for defence operations.","inLanguage":"en-US"},"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2490"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2490\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2493,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2490\/revisions\/2493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spmiasacademy.com\/currentaffairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}