India’s 76th Republic Day 2025: History, Significance & Key Facts for UPSC & APSC

Republic Day is celebrated every year on January 26th to honour the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950, which marked the country’s transition to a republic. Accordingly, Indians celebrate India’s 76th Republic Day with great enthusiasm, showcasing India’s cultural diversity, military strength, and advancements. Further, this important day shows the country’s democratic values and rich heritage. The celebration features India’s military strength, cultural diversity, as well as progress in science and technology.

For UPSC and APSC aspirants, it is important to know the history and significance of Republic Day. In this article, we will cover the historical background, interesting facts, and the importance of the 76th Republic Day of India 2025. 

76th Republic Day of India 2025: Highlights

India’s 76th Republic Day marks a significant milestone in the country’s history. This day commemorates the coming into effect of the Constitution of India and reminds us of the fundamental rights to justice, liberty, and equality for all Indian citizens. Accordingly, the celebrations usually feature a grand parade in New Delhi, the capital of India. In essence, this parade showcases the country’s rich cultures, traditions, and military strength. 

Aspect	Details
Year	76th Republic Day
Date	26th January 2025
Chief Guest	To be announced (Typically a prominent global leader)
Venue	Kartavya Path, New Delhi
Theme for the tableaux at the Republic Day Parade 2025	Golden India: Heritage and Development (स्वर्णिम भारत – विरासत और विकास)
Significance	Celebrates India’s Constitution and democratic values
Republic Day Tableau	The state and Union Territory tableaux showcase cultural heritage and achievements.

India’s 76th Republic Day: History of Republic Day

Although India secured its independence from British rule on August 15, 1947, it was on January 26, 1950, that India became a republic: the journey from independence to a republic included significant achievements:

• The Purna Swaraj Declaration (1930): The origins of Republic Day go back to December 19, 1929, when the Indian National Congress (INC) passed the historic resolution for ‘Purna Swaraj’ (complete independence) at the Lahore session. The INC subsequently made a public declaration on January 26, 1930, that asked all Indians to observe this day as ‘Independence Day’ or ‘Poorna Swaraj Day.’ The INC symbolically chose this date to demand complete self-rule because they rejected the Dominion status offered by the British.
• The Constituent Assembly and the Constitution Drafting: After independence, the Constituent Assembly was established to draft a constitution for the nation’s independence. Further, the Drafting Committee, led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, worked on this for almost three years (to be exact: two years, eleven months, and eighteen days). The Draft Constitution was presented to the Constituent Assembly on November 4, 1948. Following discussions and deliberations, the Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949.
• The Constitution Comes Into Effect (January 26, 1950): Another key point is to commemorate Purna Swaraj Day correctly; the leaders opted to bring the Constitution into full effect on January 26, 1950. On this day, Dr. Rajendra Prasad took the oath of office as the first President of India, and a 21-gun salute marked the birth of the Republic of India. In addition, this officially replaced the Government of India Act 1935 and governed India as a Republic, becoming a truly sovereign state.

Why is 26th January Celebrated as Republic Day? 

Significantly, Republic Day holds historical and political significance as it marks the birth of India as a republic. The Republic Day significance lies not just in the adoption of the Constitution, but also in the celebration of India’s democratic values and sovereignty.  Here are some reasons why this date is important:

• Adoption of the Constitution: On January 26, 1950, the Constitution of India came into force, repealing the Government of India Act, 1935. Forthwith, this marked the end of British dominion and the birth of India as a republic with complete independence.
• Commemorating the Purna Swaraj Declaration: The choice of January 26th is also significant in celebrating the declaration of Purna Swaraj in 1930 by the Indian National Congress, which demanded complete independence from British rule.
• Sovereign Nation: Moreover, Republic Day recognizes India’s emergence as a sovereign, self-governing, democratic, and secular nation.
• Foundation of Democratic Principles: In essence, Republic Day marks the inception of India as a country whose actions and governance will be guided by the principles of justice, equality, liberty, and fraternity, as outlined in the Preamble to the Constitution.

India’s 76th Republic Day: Chief Guest

Prabowo Subianto, the President of Indonesia, has attended India’s 76th Republic Day celebrations as Chief Guest on January 26, 2025. His participation emphasizes the close bilateral ties between India and Indonesia, both countries sharing democratic values, a historical past, cultural linkages, and strategic partnerships in trade, defence, and cultural exchanges. By inviting a leader from Southeast Asia to be the Republic Day chief guest in 2025, India emphasizes its commitment to furthering its engagement with countries within the Indo–Pacific region to foster cooperation and stability and achieve regional security.

76th Republic Day of India: Parade 2025

The Republic Day 2025 parade, hosted on Kartavya Path (formerly known as Rajpath), is the highlight of the celebrations. The parade consists of:

• Military Displays: Demonstrating the defence capability of India, which includes tanks, missiles, and fighter aircraft.
• Tableaux: Additionally, colorful tableaux by states and ministries depict the cultural and technological evolution of India.
• Cultural Performances: Further, traditional dances and an entertaining display by school children or cultural troupes.
• Flypast: A thrilling display by the Indian Air Force, which includes the famous Tri-color formation.

India’s 76th Republic Day: Tableaux

The Republic Day celebration in 2026 will take place on January 26th. Accordingly, this annual event features carefully made floats that show India’s progress, unity, and the energy of its diverse communities. Each float tells a unique story, highlighting achievements in art, education, and technology, while also honoring the country’s rich traditions and values.

1. Republic Day Significance 2025 Tableaux

Another key point is the tableaux displayed in the Republic Day Parade. Thereupon, each state and ministry designs a vehicle that shows off their culture and achievements. The tableaux throughout India are expected to be organized around themes for 2025, such as: 

• Sustainable development  
• India’s Space Accomplishments 
• Cultural Heritage of States
• Women empowerment

2. Key Highlights of the Republic Day 2025 Tableaux

a. Tri-Services Tableau

• The first-ever show of forces by a Tri-Services Tableau showcased the convergence of the Army, Navy and Air Force. 
• This is demonstrated by the theme ‘Shashakt aur Surakshit Bharat’ (Strong and Secure India), which was exemplified through the implementation of integrated operations across land, sea, and air. 
• The tableau featured representations of self-reliant defence capabilities, including the Arjun Main Battle Tank, the Tejas MKII fighter aircraft, the Advanced Light Helicopter, and the INS Visakhapatnam destroyer. 

b. DRDO Tableau

• Coupled With the theme ‘Raksha Kavach–Multi-layer Protection against Multi-domain Threats’, the DRDO tableau showcased state-of-the-art products for national security.  
• The DRDO Tableau showcased highlighted key technologies of national strategic importance, including the Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile, Medium Power Radar – Arudhra, Drone Detection System, Advanced Lightweight Torpedo, Dharashakti Electronic Warfare System, and Indigenous Unmanned Aerial Systems, which reflect India’s commitment to prioritising indigenous defence technologies for national security.

3. States Tableaux

States/UTs	Theme
Andhra Pradesh	“Etikoppaka Bommalu- Eco-Friendly Wooden Toys”
Bihar	“Swarnim Bharat: Virasat Aur Vikas (Nalanda Vishwavidyalya)” It depicts the rich Buddhist heritage of the region.
Chandigarh	“Chandigarh: A Harmonious Blend of Heritage, Innovation and Sustainability” Showcased the city’s role in film production.
Dadra Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu	“Daman Aviary Bird Park, along with Kukri Memorial – A tribute to the valiant sailors of the Indian Navy”
Delhi	“Quality Education”
Goa	“Cultural Heritage of Goa”  Showcased the Diwija festival and Kaavi art forms, blending tourism with local heritage Goa, known as the ‘Pearl of the Orient,’ is renowned for its beauty, culture, beaches, and hospitality.
Gujarat	“Swarnim Bharat: Virasat Aur Vikas” Showcased 12th-century Kirit Toran (arches) from Vadnagar and C-295 Transport Aircraft Assembly Unit.
Haryana	Showcasing the Bhagwat Gita and Krishna’s teachings
Karnataka	Lakkundi: Cradle of Stone craft. Lakkundi in Karnataka’s Gadag district is a significant Jain centre. It is a historic site featuring ancient temples, such as Someshwara and Jaina Basadi, which reflect the contributions of the Chalukya dynasty.  Protected by the State government, it is proposed for the UNESCO World Heritage Site tentative list.
Madhya Pradesh	“Madhya Pradesh’s Glory: Kuno National Park- The land of Cheetahs”
Punjab	“Punjab as the land of knowledge and wisdom”
Tripura	“Eternal Reverence: The worship of 14 Deities in Tripura – Kharchi Puja”
Uttar Pradesh	“Mahakumbh 2025 – Swarnim Bharat Virasat aur Vikas” Depicted the celebration of the Maha Kumbh in Prayagraj and the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati (Triveni Sangam).
Uttarakhand	“Uttarakhand: Cultural Heritage and Adventure Sports”
West Bengal	“The ‘Lakshmir Bhandar’ & ‘Lok Prasar Prakalpa’- Empowering Lives and Fostering Self-Reliance in Bengal”

India’s 76th Republic Day: Notable Aspects

1. Padma Awards

On the 76th Republic Day of India, the Government awarded 139 Padma Awards, including the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.

• The Government of India awards the Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished service.
• Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of a high order and ‘Padma Shri’ for distinguished service in any field. 
• Furthermore, the Government of India announces the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri awards—ranked from highest to least—annually on Republic Day.

2. Gallantry Awards 

The President confers gallantry awards on 93 personnel from the Armed Forces and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF). 

• These awards include the Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra, Bar to Sena Medal, Sena Medal, Nao Sena Medal, and Vayu Sena Medal. 
• Accordingly, the President awards Gallantry awards twice a year (Republic Day and Independence Day). 
• Gallantry Awards:
  • Wartime Awards: Wartime awards recognize bravery in actions against the enemy and are generally awarded to armed forces personnel. The main awards are Param Vir Chakra, Mahavir Chakra and Vir Chakra. 
  • Peacetime Awards: Coupled with wartime awards, the Government also confers awards like the Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra to recognize acts of bravery unrelated to war. These awards may be given to members of the armed forces, paramilitary forces, police, or civilians.
• Other Gallantry Awards: Sena Medal (Gallantry) for distinguished service in the Indian Army, and Bar to Sena Medal (Gallantry) for additional acts of gallantry.
  • Nao Sena Medal (Gallantry) for bravery or duty performed in the Navy, and Vayu Sena Medal (Gallantry) for bravery or exceptional service in the Air Force.

3. Defence Decorations

The President bestowed 305 defence decorations, including Param Vishisht Seva Medals, Uttam Yudh Seva Medals, Ati Vishisht Seva Medals, Yudh Seva Medals, Bar to Sena Medal, Sena Medals (Devotion to Duty), Nao Sena Medals, Vayu Sena Medals, Bar to Vishisht Seva Medals, and Vishisht Seva Medals.

• Param Vishisht Seva Medals: Recognise distinguished service of exceptional order.
• Uttam Yudh Seva Medals: Awarded for distinguished service in time of war or conflict.
• Ati Vishisht Seva Medals: Recognise distinguished service of exceptional order.
• Yudh Seva Medals: Awarded for distinguished service in time of war or hostilities.
• Bar to Sena Medal (Devotion to Duty): Awarded to a recipient of the Sena Medal, for further acts of devotion.
• Vishisht Seva Medal: Service of high order, with a Bar for further awards.

4. PTM and TM Medal

• The President presented the President’s Tatrakshak Medal (PTM) and Tatrakshak Medal (TM) to Indian Coast Guard personnel on the 76th Republic Day.  
• These awards recognize their acts of conspicuous gallantry, exceptional devotion to duty and distinguished/meritorious service.  

5. Services Personal

 Moreover, the Government has awarded various Gallantry and Service Medals to a total of 942 personnel across the Police, Fire Services, Home Guard & Civil Defence (HG&CD), and Correctional Services.

• Police Medals: The Government awards the Police Gallantry Medal twice a year to police personnel in recognition of acts of bravery or exemplary conduct.
• President’s Medal for Distinguished Service (PSM): The Government awards this medal to individuals with a distinguished record of exceptional service

6. Jeevan Raksha Padak Awards

On the 76th Republic Day, the Government distributed 49 Jeevan Raksha Padak Awards to recognize acts of civilian bravery in saving lives.

• The Government gives out the awards in three categories: Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak, Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak, and Jeevan Raksha Padak.
• Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak: For conspicuous courage in saving a life in very dangerous circumstances. 
• Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak: For courage and prompt action in saving a life in very dangerous circumstances. 
• Jeevan Raksha Padak: For courage and prompt action in saving a life where sure bodily harm would likely have occurred.

India’s 76th Republic Day: Participation of the Mannan King  

Raman Rajamannan, the tribal king of the Mannan tribe in Kerala, participated in the 76th Republic Day of India 2025 events at Kartavya Path, marking the first time a Mannan king has attended such an event. 

• The Mannan community, comprising around 3,000 people, lives across 46 settlements primarily located in Kerala’s Idukki district.
• The Mannan community had migrated from Tamil Nadu, fleeing from the Chola-Pandya war, and settled in the forests of Idukki, where they built a small kingdom. 
• The Mannan community follows a traditional system of governance, led by a Mannan king at the top, supported by a council of ministers (kaanis) and deputies (upa rajas).
• Markedly, the tribe is matrilineal, with lineage and inheritance passing through the mother. It consists of 36 sub-castes, and members exogamously marry outside the community.

Key Facts for UPSC & APSC Preparation: 76th Republic Day of India 2025

For competitive examinations like UPSC and APSC, a thorough understanding of specific facts related to India’s 76th Republic Day is essential.

• Date of Celebration: January 26, 2025.
• Republic Day Chief Guest 2025: President of the Republic of Indonesia, H.E. Prabowo Subianto, will be the Republic Day chief guest 2025. This selection reflects India’s deepening diplomatic ties and strategic partnerships with nations in its extended neighbourhood.
• Republic Day Theme 2025: “Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas” (Golden India: Heritage and Development). Furthermore, this theme emphasizes the synergy between India’s glorious past and its aspirations for future progress across various sectors.
• The Republic Day Parade: The main event takes place on Kartavya Path in New Delhi. The President of India unfurls the National Flag, followed by the playing of the National Anthem and a 21-gun salute. The parade features military contingents, cultural tableaux from states and union territories, as well as various ministries and departments.
• Awards and Decorations: On the eve of Republic Day, the President of India confers various civilian awards (Padma Awards) and gallantry awards (like Param Vir Chakra, Ashok Chakra, Kirti Chakra, Shaurya Chakra) to deserving citizens and armed forces personnel. Defence decorations are also presented.
• Beating Retreat Ceremony: The Republic Day celebrations officially conclude on January 29 with the Beating Retreat Ceremony at Vijay Chowk, New Delhi, performed by the bands of the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force.
• Constitutional Aspects:
  • The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution in the world.
  • The Constituent Assembly adopted it on November 26, 1949.
  • It came into effect on January 26, 1950.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is widely regarded as the chief architect of the Indian Constitution.
  • The Preamble to the Constitution declares India to be a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic.

Republic Day for UPSC & APSC Aspirants: Notes and Preparation

For those preparing for the UPSC Civil Services Examination or the APSC examinations, Republic Day UPSC notes and Republic Day APSC preparation should focus on:

• Historical Timeline: Memorise key dates and events leading up to the adoption of the Constitution.
• Constitutional Provisions: Besides, understand the significance of the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and the federal structure of the Indian Constitution.
• Key Personalities: Another key point is to know the roles of prominent figures in the Constituent Assembly and the freedom struggle.
• Annual Highlights: Keep track of the Republic Day chief guest 2025, the Republic Day theme 2025, and any new developments or significant displays during the parade.
• Awards and Honors: Further, familiarize yourself with the different types of civilian and gallantry awards presented on Republic Day.
• Current Affairs Integration: Relate the significance of Republic Day to contemporary issues, national policies (such as the “Make in India” or “Aatmanirbhar Bharat” initiatives often showcased), and India’s standing in the international arena.
• Essay Writing: Concurrently, be prepared to write essays on the significance of Republic Day, the Indian Constitution, or India’s democratic journey.

Conclusion

India’s 76th Republic Day is more than just a date on the calendar; it’s a vibrant celebration of our nation’s spirit and resilience! On January 26, 2026, the tri-color flag will wave in the bright sky. This moment will remind us of our shared values and the dreams that inspire us.

For every Indian, especially those preparing for the UPSC and APSC exams, this day holds special significance. In addition, it is a time to reflect on our country’s journey and renew our commitment to the values of the Republic. Let’s unite, celebrate our culture, and embrace the opportunities for progress that lie ahead!

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