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  • Q.18.”Seventy-hour work week may offer a temporary burst of productivity, but at the expense of employees’ well-being, long-term output and overall social happiness.” Critically examine the statement.

    • 16,Oct 2024
    • Posted By : SPM Academy
    • 0 Comments
    • APSC2023
    • GS3

    The given statement highlights the complex trade-off between short-term productivity gains and long-term consequences for individuals and society.

    1. Temporary Productivity Gains:

    • Short-term output increase: Initially, extending work hours beyond the standard 40-50 hours may boost productivity due to extra time allocated for work tasks. This can be beneficial during critical deadlines or projects.
    • Diminishing returns: Studies, like those from Stanford University, indicate that productivity per hour drops sharply after working more than 50 hours per week, and after 55 hours, additional time contributes little or no productivity​
    • Law of Diminishing Returns: Economic principles suggest that after a certain point, increased effort (in this case, hours worked) results in lower marginal gains, leading to inefficiency in the long run.

    2. Impact on Employee Well-being:

    • Health risks: Prolonged working hours are linked to physical and mental health problems, including burnout, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), working over 55 hours a week increases the risk of heart disease by 17% and stroke by 35%
    • Reduced mental focus: Chronic overwork leads to mental fatigue, reducing cognitive function and decision-making abilities. This increases the likelihood of errors and accidents, which ultimately affect both the employee and the organization.

    3. Negative Effects on Long-term Output:

    • Quality over quantity: While more hours may seem productive, sustained overwork diminishes the quality of output, as fatigued employees are less creative and prone to making mistakes.
    • Burnout and attrition: Overworking employees often results in burnout, leading to high turnover rates and long-term loss of organizational expertise. As Peter Drucker once remarked, “The most efficient way to produce anything is to bring together under one management as many as possible of the activities needed to turn out the product.”

    4. Impact on Social Happiness:

    • Work-life imbalance: A seventy-hour work week leaves little room for personal time, family, and social connections, which are essential for overall well-being. Long hours erode work-life balance, leading to social isolation and reduced happiness.
    • Amartya Sen’s perspective: Nobel laureate Amartya Sen highlights that true human development is about having the freedom to pursue fulfilling activities, which excessive work hours curtail. This shift towards work obsession diminishes both individual and societal well-being.

    Way Forward:

    1. Global Alternatives to Long Working Hours

    • Four-day Work Week (Iceland and Japan): Iceland conducted a four-day work week trial with a reduction in hours, which showed that productivity remained stable or improved while employee stress decreased. Similarly, Japan, known for its work culture of long hours, is moving toward “work-life harmony” through reforms like Microsoft Japan’s experiment, where a four-day week resulted in a 40% increase in productivity
    • Flexitime (Germany and Sweden): Germany has one of the shortest average working hours in Europe, but it remains one of the most productive nations globally. Flexitime policies in countries like Germany and Sweden allow employees to choose their work hours, ensuring a balance between productivity and well-being. Research from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) highlights that reduced working hours contribute to higher well-being without sacrificing output.

    2. Industry Insights on Work Hours

    • Industry experts like Elon Musk have advocated for long working hours, yet Richard Branson, the founder of Virgin Group, stresses that “happier employees are more productive employees.” He argues for reducing the work week to foster creativity, energy, and innovation over burnout.
    • According to a study by Harvard Business Review, excessive work hours result in a 20% decrease in overall productivity over time due to the physical and mental strain imposed on workers. This suggests that prioritizing well-being over exhaustive work schedules results in sustained performance.

    3. Evidence from Indian Tradition

    • Indian Philosophy of Work and Balance: Indian traditions emphasize the importance of work-life balance, as evident in concepts like the “Purusharthas”—Dharma (duty), Artha (prosperity), Kama (pleasure), and Moksha (liberation). The notion is that life should be balanced between material pursuits and personal well-being.
    • Sustainable Practices in Indian Agriculture: Traditional Indian farming methods, practiced for centuries by communities like the Apatani and Bishnois, demonstrate the importance of rest periods and natural cycles. These practices allowed for sustainable productivity while maintaining ecological and human health. Such traditions can be applied to modern work-life balance by emphasizing periodic rest and recuperation for sustained productivity.

    4. Alternatives for India’s Corporate Sector

    • Flexible Work Policies: Indian companies like Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) have introduced flexible work-from-home models, aiming for 25% of their workforce to work remotely even post-pandemic. This balance between work and personal time has shown promise in maintaining productivity while supporting employee well-being.
    • Reduced Working Hours in Startups: Some Indian startups are experimenting with shorter workweeks, following global trends. These models can serve as a blueprint for larger companies to adopt similar practices.

    While a seventy-hour work week might provide a short-term boost in productivity, it comes at the expense of employee well-being, long-term output, and overall social happiness. Renowned economist John Maynard Keynes once predicted that in the future, people would focus more on leisure and quality of life rather than long hours of work. A balanced approach that emphasizes sustainable productivity through manageable work hours and attention to well-being is crucial for long-term success.

    Check out  UPSC Coaching Centre Guwahati | APSC Coaching Centre Guwahati | Crack APSC Exam | UPSC Civil Services Exam | Ethics Paper in UPSC Exams

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