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Q.8 “By an objective criterion, such as population, territorial size, GDP, economic potential, civilizational legacy, cultural diversity, political system and past and ongoing contributions to the activities of the UN-especially UN peacekeeping operations-India is eminently qualified for permanent membership.” Comment.
- 19,Dec 2024
- Posted By : SPM IAS Academy
- 0 Comments
- APSC2022
- GS2
India’s case for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is supported by objective criteria including population, territorial size, GDP, economic potential, civilizational legacy, cultural diversity, political system, and contributions to UN activities, especially peacekeeping operations. Each of these factors underscores India’s suitability for a permanent seat, reflecting its role as a responsible global actor committed to multilateralism and global governance.
1. Population and Territorial Size:
- India, with over 1.4 billion people, is the most populous democracy and constitutes about 17% of the world’s population. Its territorial size of 3.28 million square kilometers and strategic geographical position underscore its relevance in maintaining regional and global security.
- This demographic weight means India’s participation is vital in decisions impacting global peace, stability, and development, as it represents a significant portion of the global population’s interests.
2. Economic Potential and GDP:
- India has emerged as the world’s fifth-largest economy with a GDP surpassing $3 trillion, demonstrating robust economic growth and resilience. It is projected to become the third-largest economy by 2030, reflecting significant economic potential and influence.
- Initiatives like Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) showcase India’s commitment to sustainable economic development, industrialization, and resilience, which contribute to global economic stability and demand a platform in international decision-making forums.
3. Civilizational Legacy and Cultural Diversity:
- India’s civilizational heritage dates back over 5,000 years, offering rich contributions in philosophy, mathematics, art, and science. India’s soft power—promoted through initiatives like International Day of Yoga (recognized by the UN) and Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)—strengthens its global standing as a unique cultural force.
- As a culturally diverse nation, home to multiple religions, languages, and ethnicities, India exemplifies unity in diversity and advocates for a multipolar world where diverse voices are respected, aligning with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 on inclusive and peaceful societies.
4. Political System and Commitment to Democracy:
- India is the world’s largest democracy and upholds a stable, inclusive, and secular political system. Its democratic principles and commitment to human rights, rule of law, and freedom of expression are aligned with UN values.
- India’s stance on key issues like non-interference, peaceful coexistence, and respect for sovereignty make it a suitable candidate for representing democratic interests on the UNSC.
5. Contributions to UN Peacekeeping Operations:
- India is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping missions, with over 250,000 Indian troops deployed across 49 UN missions since its inception, reflecting a strong commitment to global peace and stability. As of 2023, India contributes significant personnel to missions in areas like South Sudan, Lebanon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- India’s peacekeeping role has been complemented by initiatives such as Vaccine Maitri, which provided COVID-19 vaccines to over 100 countries, further demonstrating its willingness to contribute to global well-being beyond security matters.
6. Advocacy for Multilateralism and Global Governance Reform:
- India has consistently advocated for reforms in global governance, specifically seeking a more representative and effective UNSC that includes voices from emerging economies. The G4 nations (India, Germany, Japan, and Brazil) have supported India’s bid, reflecting a broader consensus on the need for UNSC reform.
- During the 75th anniversary of the United Nations in 2020, India’s Prime Minister highlighted that “multilateralism needs to represent reality,” stressing India’s view that UNSC reform is essential to make the UN more democratic and accountable.
Conclusion
Given its population size, economic strength, cultural heritage, political values, and active role in peacekeeping and multilateral diplomacy, India is eminently qualified for permanent UNSC membership. The evolving global order demands a UNSC that reflects contemporary realities, and India’s inclusion would enhance the legitimacy, diversity, and effectiveness of the Security Council. Recognizing India’s contributions and potential, international consensus on this issue is imperative to achieving a more equitable and representative global governance structure.
