Mains Questions and Answers | SPM IAS Academy

Q.2 Is factor endowment always a necessity for the development of an industry? Discuss with reference to Assam.

December 17, 2024

Factor endowment, which includes natural resources, labor, and capital, often provides a foundation for industrial development. However, while such endowments can facilitate industry, they are

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Q.3 What role would you suggest for Panchayati Raj Institutions in earthquake preparedness ?

December 17, 2024

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) play a pivotal role in rural governance, making them well-suited to lead efforts in earthquake preparedness at the grassroots level. Their

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Q.4 Discuss the role of the Assam Pradeshik Mahila Samiti in women empowerment in the State, highlighting the contributions made by Chandraprabha Saikiani.

December 17, 2024

Assam Pradeshik Mahila Samiti (APMS), founded in 1926, is one of the oldest and most significant organizations in Assam dedicated to the empowerment of women.

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Q.5 What are the main features of Indian Renaissance?

December 17, 2024

The Indian Renaissance refers to the cultural, social, religious, and intellectual awakening that occurred in India during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was

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Q.6 Do you see Indian women as an untapped human resource? Give reasons.

December 17, 2024

Indian women represent a significant portion of the population and have immense potential to contribute to the country’s economic and social development. While progress has

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Q.7 Analyze the role of foreigners who made India their homeland in the Indian Freedom Movement.

December 17, 2024

Foreigners who adopted India as their homeland played a significant role in the Indian freedom movement, bringing international attention to India’s struggle and contributing to

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Q.8 “In order to make women’s organization free from gender bias, inclusion of male members needs to be encouraged.” Comment.

December 17, 2024

To foster an equitable, unbiased environment in women’s organizations, the inclusion of male members can be strategically beneficial. Gender biases, both implicit and explicit, have

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Q.9 Comment on the new trendy ‘Big Fat Indian Wedding’.

December 17, 2024

The phenomenon of the “Big Fat Indian Wedding” has evolved into a lavish, multi-dimensional celebration, blending cultural heritage with modern consumerism. This trend reflects the

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Q.10 Point out the problems in using official sources while writing the history of peasants.

December 17, 2024

Using official sources to write the history of peasants presents several challenges, as these records often reflect the perspective of ruling authorities rather than the

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Q.11 What do you mean by tribal belts and blocks in Assam? What accounts for tribal land alienation in the State? Suggest measures to check this trend.

December 18, 2024

In Assam, tribal belts and blocks are specially designated areas created to protect the land rights of indigenous tribal communities. Established under the Assam Land

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Q.12 Analyze the contributions of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in strengthening the Indian Nation-State.

December 18, 2024

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s contributions were foundational in consolidating and strengthening the Indian nation-state post-Independence. Known as the “Iron Man of India,” Patel’s efforts spanned political

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Q.13 How was the Assamese character reflected in the National Freedom Movement from 1921 to 1942? Discuss.

December 18, 2024

The Assamese character in the Indian National Freedom Movement from 1921 to 1942 was marked by resilience, cultural pride, and an enduring commitment to India’s

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Q.14 Despite various social reform movements and existing legislations, casteism in India refuses to go away. Discuss the major factors responsible for this.

December 18, 2024

Casteism remains one of India’s most deep-rooted social challenges, enduring despite numerous reform movements and legal measures aimed at its eradication. Historically embedded in Indian

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Q.15 “As G-20 chair, India has identified women-led development as one of the high priority subjects.” Discuss the merits of women-led development in the context of India.

December 18, 2024

India’s emphasis on women-led development as a high-priority agenda during its G20 presidency underscores the transformative potential of empowering women to drive economic, social, and

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Q.16 What are the factors responsible for the out-migration of rural youths from Assam? Do you think this is a positive and an inevitable process?

December 18, 2024

The out-migration of rural youth from Assam is increasingly shaping the socio-economic landscape, driven by a mix of push factors like limited opportunities and pull

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Q.17 Discuss briefly the influence of the Brahmo Movement on the Assamese society in the 19th century.

December 18, 2024

The Brahmo Movement had a transformative influence on Assamese society in the 19th century, sparking social, religious, and cultural reforms. Originating in Bengal, the movement’s

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Q.18 Describe how India is contributing to the globalized world with its values and ethos.

December 18, 2024

India’s contributions to the globalized world reflect its core values of inclusivity, peace, and sustainable development. These principles guide India’s approach to diplomacy, technology sharing,

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Q.19 While India’s regional and cultural diversity is much celebrated, this has also posed a major challenge in nation building in the post-Independence period. Discuss.

December 18, 2024

India’s rich tapestry of regional and cultural diversity is often seen as both a source of pride and a complex challenge in the nation-building journey

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Q.20 Discuss the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.

December 18, 2024

The Earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance through a series of dynamic processes that regulate the flow and distribution of solar energy received, absorbed, and emitted

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Q.1 What do you mean by the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution of India? Discuss the different views around it in the light of the recommendations of the ‘National Commission to Review The Working of the Constitution’.

December 19, 2024

The ‘basic structure’ doctrine of the Indian Constitution is a judicial principle safeguarding the Constitution’s core values from potentially harmful amendments. Established in the landmark

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Q.2 “As presiding officer, the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the guardian of the prestige and dignity of the House.” Explain.

December 19, 2024

The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, as the presiding officer, holds a vital constitutional role as the guardian of the prestige and dignity of the

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Q.3 How does the Election Commission of India carry out the delimitation of constituencies for State Legislature Assemblies as per the Representation of the People Act, 1951?

December 19, 2024

The Election Commission of India (ECI) oversees the delimitation of constituencies for State Legislative Assemblies under the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and the

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Q.4 Discuss how the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) safeguards the interests of the investors.

December 19, 2024

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is a regulatory body that protects investors in the Indian stock market by ensuring fair practices, transparency,

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Q.5 Discuss the procedures of amendment to the Constitution in India and South Africa, highlighting the key provisions.

December 19, 2024

The amendment procedures for the Constitutions of India and South Africa enable flexibility in governance while safeguarding foundational principles. Both countries have detailed processes that

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Q.6 “The basic purpose of development is to enlarge people’s choices.” Elucidate in the light of the government policies and intervention for development in India.

December 19, 2024

The statement, “The basic purpose of development is to enlarge people’s choices,” aligns with India’s approach to human-centered development, emphasizing government policies aimed at expanding

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Q.7 “Social assistance measures are critical for social protection and are more common in developing economies than social insurance.” Evaluate the statement.

December 19, 2024

Social assistance and social insurance are two major components of social protection. Social assistance refers to non-contributory support provided to vulnerable populations, while social insurance

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Q.8 “By an objective criterion, such as population, territorial size, GDP, economic potential, civilizational legacy, cultural diversity, political system and past and ongoing contributions to the activities of the UN-especially UN peacekeeping operations-India is eminently qualified for permanent membership.” Comment.

December 19, 2024

India’s case for permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is supported by objective criteria including population, territorial size, GDP, economic potential, civilizational

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Q.9 “In keeping with its ‘Neighbourhood First Policy’, India desires normal neighbourly relations with Pakistan.” Elucidate and comment.

December 19, 2024

India’s “Neighbourhood First Policy” reflects a diplomatic commitment to strengthening ties with its immediate neighbours, fostering regional stability, economic cooperation, and shared security. However, India’s

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10. “As close neighbours, India and Nepal share unique ties of friendship and cooperation characterised by an open border and deep-rooted people to  people contacts of kinship and culture·.” Examine critically.

December 19, 2024

India and Nepal share a relationship often described as “roti-beti ka rishta,” reflecting deep-rooted cultural, social, and familial ties. This relationship is characterized by an

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Q.11 “Instead of providing shelter from market failures and other vicissitudes of life, the welfare states today seek to make their citizens more competitive, responsive and proactive.” Comment.

December 20, 2024

The traditional welfare state model, established in the 20th century, focused on providing a “safety net” against market failures, poverty, and social inequities. However, in

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Q.12 “At the centre of India’s development agenda in Myanmar lies connectivity.” Do you agree with the statement? Elucidate with suitable reasons in support of your answer.

December 20, 2024

Yes, connectivity lies at the core of India’s development agenda in Myanmar, as India seeks to strengthen bilateral ties and foster regional stability and economic

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Q.13 Critically analyze India’s initiative for Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure to face natural calamities by the least developed and developing countries and its impact.

December 20, 2024

India’s initiative for the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), launched in 2019, is a global platform aimed at promoting resilient infrastructure to mitigate the

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Q.14 Critically assess the role of ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in educating, guiding and motivating fellow Indians to work for social change and national development.

December 21, 2024

The ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme, launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, is a monthly radio broadcast aimed at engaging directly with the citizens

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Q.15 “A new century is not going to be new at all if we offer only charity, that palliative to satisfy the conscience and keep the same old system of haves and have-nots quietly contained.” Discuss with suitable illustrations.

December 21, 2024

The 21st century calls for a paradigm shift in addressing poverty and inequality. Simply offering charity, while alleviating immediate suffering, fails to address the systemic

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Q.16 Discuss the role of the Attorney General of India as the Chief Legal Adviser to the Government of India, highlighting some recent cases of the Supreme Court of India.

December 21, 2024

The Attorney General of India (AGI) is the chief legal advisor to the Government of India, a role established under Article 76 of the Indian

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Q.17 Discuss the challenges confronted by the Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in India while according essential services. How does the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 facilitate the ‘rights’ of the PwDs? Elucidate.

December 23, 2024

Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in India face several challenges in accessing essential services, stemming from social, infrastructural, and policy limitations. The Rights of Persons with

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Q.18 What is the right to privacy? How is the right to privacy protected through courts in India and Germany? Explain.

December 23, 2024

The right to privacy is the right of an individual to control the dissemination and use of personal information, maintain personal autonomy, and protect one’s

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Q.20 Discuss the measures for making the Civil Service in India more efficient and responsive to the needs of the public in the light of the rapidly changing social, political and economic milieu of the country.

December 23, 2024

To enhance the efficiency and responsiveness of the Civil Services in India amid changing social, political, and economic contexts, several measures have been proposed and

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Q.1 What do you mean by Supply Chain of Agricultural Produce? Explain how e-technology can bring about a positive change in agricultural marketing in India.

January 3, 2025

The Supply Chain of Agricultural Produce encompasses the entire journey agricultural goods take from production on farms to their final delivery to consumers. This chain

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Q.2 State the salient features of National Green Hydrogen Mission in India.

January 3, 2025

The National Green Hydrogen Mission in India aims to position the country as a global hub for green hydrogen production, with the objective of reducing

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Q.3 Give five reasons that positively connect economic liberalisation with economic growth. 

January 3, 2025

Economic liberalization, introduced in India in 1991, marked a paradigm shift from a closed, state-controlled economy to an open, market-driven one. This reform aimed to

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Q.4 Explain how the Union Budget, 2023-24, is banking on the ‘crowding’ in effect.

January 3, 2025

The Union Budget 2023-24 emphasizes the ‘crowding-in effect’ as a key strategy for stimulating economic growth. This approach involves boosting public sector investment in infrastructure

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Q.5 Give an outline of the National Logistics Policy of India.

January 4, 2025

The National Logistics Policy (NLP), launched in 2022, aims to streamline India’s logistics sector by improving infrastructure, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency. Its goal is

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Q. 6 “AI is more a boon than a bane.” Comment.

January 4, 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and perform tasks autonomously or with minimal

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Q.7 What are the structural and non-structural mitigation measures for Flood Management?

January 4, 2025

India, with vast flood-prone areas across river basins like the Brahmaputra, Ganga, and Mahanadi, faces annual disruptions to lives, infrastructure, and agriculture due to flooding.

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Q.8 What is Bhuvan in space technology? What are the benefits of Bhuvan?       

January 4, 2025

Bhuvan is an Indian geo-portal developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), providing satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), and geospatial data on India.

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Q.9 What is Quantum Technology? What initiatives have been taken by the Government of India for its development?

January 4, 2025

Quantum Technology leverages the principles of quantum mechanics—such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunneling—to perform computations, enhance security, and improve sensing and imaging at levels

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Q.10 What is the goal of Net Zero Emissions ? What steps should India take for Zero emissions by 2050?

January 4, 2025

Net Zero Emissions aims to balance the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted with the amount removed from the atmosphere, achieving a neutral impact on

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Q.11 Delineate the possible advantages of getting access to Chittagong Port of Bangladesh from the perspective of the economic development of North-East.

January 6, 2025

Gaining access to Chittagong Port in Bangladesh presents a transformative opportunity for the economic development of North-East India. This strategic port access can enhance trade,

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Q.12 Discuss the implications of the recent discovery of 5.9 million ton stash of lithium reserves located within the region of Jammu and Kashmir.

January 6, 2025

The recent discovery of 5.9 million tons of lithium reserves in Jammu and Kashmir’s Salal-Haimana area marks a transformative moment for India’s energy and technology

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